Scientific Technical Review

The high level of security and safety areas in air transport is due to the continuous detection of threats and risks and the adoption of measures to cut them. The media significance of aviation attacks and the potential threat to passengers and crew leads responsible national and international authorities to carry out measures across states.
The active operation of the pilot is most important in the phases when the pilot performs manual control or when dealing with emergency and emergency situations. Laser attacks on aircraft are most often recorded in phases take-off and landing up to a height of 400 feet. In recent years, attacks have also occurred against aircraft at high flight levels of 9 - 10 km. Lasers have a power of about 1W and are used on automatic monitoring devices.
The pilot's higher vulnerability is during the landing phase when illumination from the left side into the cockpit can significantly affect the pilot's ability to maneuver manually.
Lasers are devices that emit coherent radiation in the optical spectral band L= 532nm. Green lasers emitting at a wavelength are most often used to attack aircraft. A more detailed division is given by the harmfulness of laser radiation.
Radiation harmfulness is assessed according to the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE).
MPE can be expressed in two quantities, the highest power density (W/m³), or the energy density of the light source (J/cm²).
In case of influence on the pilot in selected phases of flight, it is eyes exposure MPE.
The theoretical description of the effects of lasers during the approach to landing will be supplemented by maps of protection zones with the laser devices prohibition according to regulation L-14.
The analysis will be performed for international non-public controlled airports of the Czech Republic with IFR operations.

Key words: Laser, aircraft, airplane illumination

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